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Historical Archive: Historical Rulers, Louis IX of France (d. 1270) to Elizabeth II (reg. 1952-2022) Louis IX of France (d. 1270): Signet ring "of Louis IX", sapphire/gold/enamel, 14th c., Louvre OA MR 92, which has its own page. Louis IX has his own page Queen, poss. Marie de Brienne (d.1280) from Abbey of Maubuisson, black limestone, Saint-Denis basilica. For details of dragons see Saint-Denis Funerary Memorials. Blanche de Champagne (d.1283) from la Joie-Notre-Dame, Hennebont (Morbihan), copper on walnut, Limoges 1286-early 14th c., Louvre OA 2082. For details see Louvre museum. Charles of Anjou (1227-85), marble monument 1326, Saint-Denis basilica. This work has its own page. Stefan Uroš I of Serbia (narthex, reg. 1243–76, left), Stefan Dragutin of Serbia (narthex, reg. 1276–82, right): Dečani monastery frescoes, 1335-47, which have their own pages Emperor Henry VII of Luxembourg (c.1275-1313), Tino da Camaino 1313-15, int. Pisa cathedral, which has its own pages with full monument Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia (narthex, reg. 1282–1321), Dečani monastery frescoes, 1335-47, which have their own pages Louis X (le Hutin, the Quarreler, the Headstrong, the Stubborn; 1289-1316), marble, bef. 1327, Saint-Denis basilica. For additional views see Saint-Denis Funerary Memorials. Clémence of Hungary (1293–1328), marble memorial, first third of the 14th c., Saint-Denis. This work has its own page. Louis IV the Bavarian (duke 1294, king 1314, emperor 1328-47), gold bulla 1328, SMBMünz 18239302 seal imprint of King Philippe IV le Bel of France, c.1300, Cl. 22297, Cluny: Louvre OA 6301. For full cords see Cluny. Thomas, Earl of Lancaster (effective reg. England 1314-18): panel with capture, trial, journey, and execution; mid/late 14th c., lead alloy partly gilt, from River Thames bank, MoL Jean I le Posthume (15-20 November, 1316), marble, Saint-Denis basilica. This work has its own page. Stefan Uroš III of Serbia (Stefan Dečanski; naos, reg. 1322-31), 1343 naos fresco, Dečani monastery, which has its own pages Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (narthex, reg. 1331-55), Dečani monastery frescoes, 1335-47, which have their own pages Queen Sancia of Naples: Tino di Camaino, Madonna and Child, marble, c.1335, NGA 1960.5.1. This work has its own page. seal of Bolko II the Small (Mały), Duke of Świdnica, Poland 1343-68, MNW 116253. For another view see MNW. Jeanne de France (1311-49), marble, Saint-Denis basilica. This work has its own page. Jean II le Bon (King of France 1350-64), tempera/gold/canvas/oak, c.1350-75, Louvre RF 2490. For scale and detail see Louvre. Francesco I da Carrara (in red, reg. Padua 1350-88), Fina di Pataro Buzzacarini (1328-78) and her daughters, Baptistery, cathedral of Padua, 1376 frescoes: Giusto de' Menabuoi. This work has its own pages with more examples. Stefan Uroš V of Serbia (narthex, reg. 1355–71, left) with Stefan Uroš III, Stefan Uroš IV: Dečani monastery frescoes, 1335-47, which have their own pages Charles IV and the future Charles V of France, 1356-58, Karlstejn Castle, Chapel of the Virgin Mary, which has its own own page. Virgin and Child with *Charles and Anna of Schweidnitz, Oratory of Charles IV 1356-60, Karlstejn Castle. The castle has its own interior page with general view of chapel. Duke Christopher (d. 1363), alabaster with glass, Roskilde cathedral, which has its own page Charles V (Charles the Wise, reg. 1364/65-80) and Jeanne de Bourbon (d.1378), c.1375. Louvre, R.F. 1377, 1378. This work has its own page. Grand Duke Basil I of Moscow (reg. 1389-1425), Sophia Vitovtovna (spouse from 1391), center, Major Sakkos of Photius, Byzantine 1408-31, Armory TK-4, which has its own page Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos (reg. 1391-1425), son John, Empress Helena Dragaš: ivory pyxis, 1403-04, DO BZ.1936.24, which has its own page King Henry IV of England (left; reg. 1399-1413). Hemmings & Co., c.1895-96: Canterbury Chapter house, which has its own page. Emperor John VII Palaiologos (reg. 1403-8), son Andronikos, Empress Irene: ivory pyxis, 1403-04, DO BZ.1936.24, which has its own page Jean sans Peur (reg. 1404-19), portrait ring, Paris c.1410, Louvre OA 9524. This work has its own page. John VIII Paleologos (co-emperor bef. 1408, emperor 1425-48) and spouse Anna of Moscow (daughter of Basil I, d.1417), Major Sakkos of Photius, Byzantine 1408-31, Armory TK-4, which has its own page Queen Margrete I (d. 1412), alabaster effigy Johannes Junge 1423, Roskilde cathedral, which has its own page King Henry VI (Henry of Windsor, reg. England 1422-61, 1470-71; disputed reg. France 1422-52; as saint?) with orb and scepter, antelope at feet, late 15th-early 16th c., lead alloy, MoL 97.22. For two more Henry badges see MoL. Schonetta von Nassau (Duchess of Braunschweig) dressed as widow, d. 1436, sandstone, HildMus G14. For other views see Hildesheim funerary monuments. Elector Friedrich III of Saxony (reg. 1486-1525), Wittenberg University seal matrix, silver, 1502, SMBMünz 18239333 Maximilian I (king 1493, emperor 1508-19), silver 3 Guldiner, Antwerp 1517 (dated 1509), SMBMünz 18203549 François I (d.1547) as St Thomas the Apostle: Léonard Limosin (attrib.), enamel on copper from Feuillantines convent (Paris), repeating Chartres composition, mid 16th c. Limoges, Louvre MR XIII suppl 211. For full view see Louvre. King Henry VIII (right, d.1547). Hemmings & Co., c.1895-96: Canterbury Chapter house, which has its own page. Dorothea of Denmark (d.1547), duchess of Brandenburg-Ansbach, alabaster, Cornelis (II) Floris De Vriendt 1549, Pushkin CK550. For profile view see Pushkin. the Dauphin (future François II, d.1560): Léonard Limosin (attrib.), enamel on copper, Limoges c.1553, Louvre N 1253 Charles IX of France (d.1574): Hunting horn, ivory, France late 16th-early 17th c., Belgrade MAA 541. For other views see Belgrade MAA. Catherine de' Medici (d.1589): Germain Pilon (1540-90), bronze medallion, Paris c.1575, Louvre MRR 313 Hunting horn assoc. Henry IV of Navarre/France (d.1610), ivory, France late 16th-early 17th c., Belgrade MAA 541. For other views see Belgrade MAA. powder horn of Henry IV of France (d.1610), antler and iron, early 17th c. France, Louvre inv. P480 503 B. For another view see Louvre. Henry IV (d.1610) as child, silver 1824, François-Joseph Bosio, Louvre C.C. 37. This work has its own page. Charles II of England (d.1685): Caudle cup, tin-glazed earthenware, Lambeth Potteries 1668, AIC 1957.448 miniature portrait of Catherine the Great (d.1796), late 18th c. Russia, MAAB Louis XVI (1754-93) and Marie Antoinette (1755-93), marble, Edme Gaulle and Pierre Petitot 1830, Saint-Denis basilica Marie Antoinette (1755-93), marble, Edme Gaulle and Pierre Petitot 1830, Saint-Denis basilica reliquary with hair of Marie Antoinette, silver and crystal, Musée Carnavalet Paris OM 1677. For another view see Carnavalet. Napoleon Bonaparte (reg. 1804-05, 1815), medallions and hair, France 1840s, Hermitage UM-30876. For details see Hermitage. miniature portrait of Empress Josephine, Daniel Saint 1805-06, MAAB Queen Victoria (d.1901). Hemmings & Co., c.1895-96: Canterbury Chapter house, which has its own page. Queen Elizabeth II (reg. 1952-2022), Canadian gold million-dollar coin, obverse, 2007, SMBMünz. For other views see Berlin.